Application of Wireless Sensor networks for Environmental Monitoring and Development of an Energy Efficient Cluster Based Routing

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have attracted the attention of many researchers. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used for various applications such as habitat monitoring, automation, agriculture, and security. Since numerous sensors are usually deployed on remote and inaccessible places, the deployment and maintenance should be easy and scalable. Wireless sensor network consists of large number of small nodes. The nodes then sense environmental changes and report them to other nodes over flexible network architecture. Sensor nodes are great for deployment in hostile environments or over large geographical areas. The measurement of temperature & light by the use of Crossbow sensor kit in which there are different nodes/motes placed at different locations. These nodes are having different node identification & they will sense the temperature & light of there surrounding location and send it to the base station node which is connected through USB port to the computer by the use of MoteView & MoteConfig environment. The data acquisition board that we have used is MDA100CB (Mote Data Acquisition). The programming of the sensor nodes is done by MoteConfig & live data is viewed through MoteView environment. The nodes that we have used are MicaZ, the MDA100CB board is fixed over these nodes by means of 51 Input/output pins. An energy efficient hierarchical cluster-based routing protocol for continuous stream queries in WSN. We introduce a set of cluster heads, head-set, for cluster-based routing. The head-set members are responsible for control and management of the network. On rotation basis, a head-set member receives data from the neighboring nodes and transmits the aggregated results to the distant base station. For a given number of data collecting sensor nodes, the number of control and management nodes can be systematically adjusted to reduce the energy consumption, which increases the network life. Nodes in a sensor network are severely constrained by energy, storage capacity and computing power. To prolong the lifetime of the sensor nodes, designing efficient routing protocols is critical.