Automatic load frequency control of multi area power systems

Abstract

Variations in load bring about drifts in frequency and voltage which in turn leads to generation loss owing to the line tripping and also blackouts. These drifts might be reduced to the smallest possible value by automatic generation control (AGC) which constitutes of two sections viz load frequency control (LFC) along with automatic voltage regulation (AVR). Here simulation evaluation is done to know the working of LFC by building models in SIMULINK which helps us to comprehend the principle behind LFC including the challenges. The three area system is also being taken into consideration together with single area in addition to two area systems. Several important parameters of ALFC like integral controller gains (KIi), parameters for governor speed regulation (Ri) as well as parameters for frequency bias (Bi) are being optimized by using an optimization technique that is Bacteria Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) because using the general hit and trial method in the simulation has some demerits which has insisted on using BFOA for obtaining the desired values of the different parameters. Simultaneous optimization of certain parameters like KIi, Ri and Bi has been done which grants not only the best dynamic response for the system but also permits us to use quiet larger values of Ri than put into practice. This will help the industries concerning power for simpler as well as cheaper realization of the governor. The performance of BFOA is also investigated through the convergence characteristics which reveal that that the Bacteria Foraging Algorithm is relatively faster in optimization such that there is drop in the computational load and also minimum use of computer resource utilization