Water quality improvement using different filter materials

Abstract

Water is one amongst prime elements accountable for life on the planet. India’s surfacewater flows through fourteen major streams.Due to the importance of water, the pattern of
human settlement throughout history has usually been determined by its convenience.The wealthy stream valley with
copious water represents the beginning of refinement. The
demand for water has increased dramatically with growth and its use turned out to be much more varied. At present,there is a growing awareness of the impact of contaminant on
groundwater, rivers, and lakes. The climate change has affected the precipitation and the quantity of water available. Whereas, increasing pollutant loads from point
and non-point sources deteriorated the quality of surface
as well as ground water resources.Surface water pollution
by chemical, physical, microorganism and biological contaminants are often considered as an epidemic problem.
The current study is geared toward development of affordable
technology for the removal of iron and manganese from ground water in Odisha, India.The study was carried outin
two parts: (a) In the first part,Soil columns with variable depths of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50cm at laboratory scales were used to study the rate of infiltration and obtain the most suitable depth of soil column satisfying the Horton’s equation to get infiltration rate constant.Four types of soil collected from the banks of Rivers Brahmani, Koel, Sankha and Budhabalanga and having different physical properties(effective size =0.20 to 0.30mm, uniformity constant=3.5 to 15, depth of sand = 50 cm and filtration rate = 1.05-1.25m3/m2/hr).(b) In the second part, water quality improvement tests were carried out to remove iron and manganese concent rations using the soil column of 50 cm satisfying Horton’s equation and activated carbon made from rice husk, wood, and Sugarcane baggase.