Smart Antenna Design for Tracking Multiple Users Using FPGA Virtex-5

Abstract

Smart Antenna systems have received increasing interest recently as the de- mands for good quality and latest value added services on the available wire- less communication systems are increasing. There is an increase in demand on mobile wireless operators to provide voice and high-speed data services and to support more users in a single base station in order to reduce costs for overall network and make the services affordable to subscribers. Smart antenna technology offers a significant improved solution to reduce interfer- ence levels and improve the capacity of the system. Although lot of study has been done on smart antennas, adaptive methods are not specially em- phasized and developed. Adaptive beamforming is used for desired signal enhancement while suppressing interference at the output of an antenna ar- ray. In this work, different types of optimization techniques are used to form an adaptive system. Tuned LMS, Hybrid learning, RLS, harmony search and modified harmony search are the algorithms used to detect the angle of arrival and interference for multiple users. Comparative analysis of these techniques is also performed. A very high performance Xilinx FPGA device Virtex-5 XC5VSX50T is used. It generates multiple partial beams simulta- neously using the offline generated optimized weights from a 5 element and 10 element array and their summation gives the full beam. Using FPGA virtex-5, optimized parameters from various adaptive algorithms are used to generate output signals and to track multiple users at the same instant and the results are observed in chipscope.