Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphene and its Characterisation

Abstract

A green approach is reported for the production of few layered graphenes (FLGs) via electrochemical route utilising the benefits of anodic exfoliation process, wherein electrochemical intercalation of nitrate ions into pyrolytic graphite resulted in electrochemical exfoliation of nitrate ions-intercalated graphite electrode. The role of applied potential in intercalation and concentrations of nitric acid are well defining factors in controlling the number of layers in FLGs. The success of this approach was confirmed by FTIR, wherein smaller particles of intercalated graphite led to broader peaks due to increased interaction with light wave. The SEM images showed several layers of graphene stacked together and slightly twisted at edges. An increased exfoliation in intercalated graphite was revealed by XRD patterns. Desirable conductive properties of the FLGs synthesised makes it a viable option for utility as conductive ink.