FPGA Implementation of Eigen Moment Ratio for Cognitive Radio

Abstract

In modern wireless communications the spectrum is allocated to fixed licensed users and on the other side the number of wireless devices and the demand for high data rates are increasing rapidly. Because of these two reasons some frequencies are getting underutilized and some are getting over crowded. As the spectrum is precious it has to be utilized efficiently. The solution to mitigate this problem is Cognitive Radio. CR senses these underutilized frequencies and allots them to Secondary Users, without disturbing Primary Users. Spectrum Sensing is a base for the performance of all functions performed by CR. Literature discusses various SS techniques like ED, Cyclostationary, MFD, and Eigenvalue based spectrum sensing techniques with their advantages and disadvantages. Eigenvalue based methods are preferred in CR because of the blind nature and optimality. But Eigenvalue based methods are a little
complex when compared to others.
In this thesis, Eigen Moment Ratio (EMR) spectrum sensing method is considered for the FPGA implementation among all techniques. The EMR spectrum sensing method is implemented using VHDL, and the performance is analysed using Vivado. Then the whole module is programmed on to Nexys-4 FPGA board and the validity of functionality is verified through Chipscope pro analyser.