Internet of Things Applications Using LoRa for Long Range Wireless Communication

Abstract

Nowadays there is a profusion of effort to analyses and finding new solutions related to multiple sensor networks used for IoT applications. Using LoRa (long range) transceiver it is easy to communicate with hundreds of sensors in the long range that is 2km for NLOS and 21km for LOS. And we can control these sensors using IoT technology in the smart way. Modulation techniques used in LoRa transceiver are OOK, FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK. It entitles the long-range transfer of information with a low power consumption. This project presents a review of the challenges and the obstacles of IoT concept with emphasis on the long-range wireless communication technology. LoRa uses license free Gigahertz radio frequency bands like 433 MHz, 868 MHz and 915MHz. LoRa enables very long-range transmission in village areas with low power consumption. The technology is presented in two layers, which are physical layer (LoRa) and upper layer (LoRaWAN). A LoRa WAN network (Long Range Network Protocol) is of the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) type and a battery powered device that ensure bidirectional communication. Communication with the LoRa transceiver module is done via SPI protocol, serial peripheral interfaces used to send data between microcontrollers for connecting with one or more peripheral devices. Using SPI connection, we control the peripheral devices such as shift registers, sensors.