Modeling and signal processing of GPR system

Abstract

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geo-sensor, which is used for detecting, locating, identifying and 3D imaging of the buried target inside the shallow surface. It is very difficult to detect and locate the target when limited amount of information is delivered by geo-sensor. On the basis of scattering parameter we try to extract information (related to feature of surface and target) as many as possible. Geometrical modeling of ground and target, as well as mathematical modeling for transmitting and receiving signal are the key factor in the field of GPR research. Receiving signal is nothing but the scaled version of transmitting signal which is affected by noise. So for mathematical modeling of receiving signal, scaling parameter and noise plays a vital role. Whereas in signal processing domain time and frequency are the observation parameter. In signal processing cross correlation, windowing technique and time domain gating are the excellent features, which help in delay measurement, for suppression of an unwanted frequency and for extracting the time domain information of GPR signal at any specified duration. SFCW technique is a modern technique which is more applicable in GPR comparison to conventional FMCW technique. This technique can be operated at low power and license free band (ISM band).