Experimental Studies on Analysis,Performance,Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of Carbon blends as Fuel in a CI Engine

Abstract

Pyrolysis is a method to convert organic substances into useful energy by thermal decomposition. In pyrolysis, the organic substances are thermally degraded to get value added products, which are principally pyrolysis oil, pyrogas, and carbon black or char. Recently, many pilot and demonstrated pyrolysis plants have been installed in many countries. In a practical pyrolysis plant, four principal products are obtained; they are Tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO), pyrogas, carbon black (CB) and steel wire. The CB obtained from a tyre pyrolysis plant possesses a considerable amount of energy, which can be used as an alternative energy source for heat and power applications.
Carbon black (CB) is one of the products obtained from a tyre pyrolysis plant [M/S Agrwal & Agrwal Co. Rourkela] and disposed in large quantities in plant sites or open land, causing a severe environmental pollution. Reuse and recycling are better options to derive energy or value added products from waste substances and to minimize the disposal problems. The CB is a sloid fuel possesses a considerable heating value of 32.8 MJ/kg in it. In this investigation, the possibility of using it as a solid alternative fuel as coal, charcoal water slurry fuel and orange skin powder for CI engines has been explored. For this purpose, two different fuels; (i) Carbon black-diesel slurry (Carbodiesel) with a heating value of 42.7-40.7 MJ/kg, and (ii) Carbon black-water-diesel (CBWD) emulsion with heating value range of 41.77-40.1 MJ/kg, were prepared by adopting methods as well as the CB was taken at different proportions from 5% to 20% on the volume basis. The net heating value of diesel is 43 MJ/kg. The CB powder was mixed with diesel at 80oC and continuously stirred about 15 minutes using a mechanical stirrer to get a slurry, and tested at different load conditions in a single cylinder, air cooled, direct injection (DI), diesel engine with developing power of 4.4 kW at 1500 rpm. A small capacity 4.4 kW direct injection Diesel engine was selected, which is widely used in agriculture, small and medium scale industries for energy applications. Since, this is an early stage of investigation, a small powered diesel engine which is used for irrigation purpose in India.
Initially, the CB was doped with diesel by following a certain sequential processes (fuel prepration process), and the mixture was commonly referred to as Carbodiesel. The mixture containing on the volume basis 5% CB was denoted as Carbodiesel5. Similarly, on the volume basis 10%, 15% and 20% CB in Carbodiesel were denoted as Carbodiesel10, ...