Energy and Load Based Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Abstract

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a network with no infrastructure, operating on wireless mobile nodes. MANET consist of quickly deployable, independent as well as self-configuring nodes with no centralized administration. There is no precise topology and have limited energy and computing resources. Jitter, a random, small variation in timing is widely used in between periodic transmission of the control message in wireless communication protocols. It is an especially important technique during route discovery process when a process may cause a situation where adjacent nodes have to broadcast concurrently, then the use of jitter makes a protocol able to avoid concurrent packet transmissions over the same channel by neighbouring nodes in the network. In AODV jitter, i.e., a small delay during the flooding of a control message is used during route discovery process to avoid simultaneous packet transmission by neighbouring nodes, which might result in the collision between these packets. The proposed energy and load based protocol (ENL-AODV) introduces energy and load factor in the calculation of jitter while forwarding of route requests(RREQ), making it select the path with enough energy to transfer the data packet. As simulation results describe, ENL-AODV improves the efficiency of ad-hoc networks, increases packet delivery ratio, throughput and network lifetime, also decreases average end-to-end delay.